What a careful buyer checks before money moves — in plain language, on your side of the table. Every item below is work a Watch Passport does for you, documented; here is how to hold anyone to the same standard.
The single non-negotiable. Any watch can be photographed convincingly; almost none survives a qualified watchmaker opening the case. If a seller resists independent inspection, the conversation is over — there is no price at which that risk clears.
Cases and dials are the easiest parts to imitate and the parts photos show. The movement is where authenticity lives — and where undisclosed parts swaps hide. This is watchmaker work, with the case open, never a seller’s photo.
Reference, serial, dial, bezel and bracelet each say what the watch claims to be. They must all say the same thing, and match what the maker actually produced in that configuration. A genuine case with a swapped dial is still not the watch on the invoice.
Papers dated before the reference existed, a warranty card from the wrong region, service records no one can call and confirm — documentation is evidence only when it checks out against an independent source. Box and papers raise the price; only verified ones raise the trust.
A price far below every verified market median is not a bargain — it is information. Check where the ask sits against evidence-counted medians before wiring anything across a border.
Cross-border deals fail at the money step: pay in full to a stranger and the leverage is gone. Funds held until the watch passes inspection — escrow or equivalent — is the only structure where both sides keep their protection to the end.
Educational, deliberately unspecific about inspection internals: a checklist precise enough to fake against would protect no one.